BbarBrick u-p Element

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bbarBrickUP is a 8-node mixed volume/pressure element, which uses a tri-linear isoparametric formulation.

Each node has 4 degrees-of-freedom (DOF): DOFs 1 to 3 for solid displacement (u) and DOF 4 for fluid pressure (p). This element is implemented for simulating dynamic response of solid-fluid fully coupled material, based on Biot's theory of porous medium.

Please click here for examples.


OUTPUT INTERFACE:

Pore pressure can be recorded at an element node using OpenSees Node Recorder:


recorder Node <-file $fileName> <-time> <-node ($nod1 $nod2 …)> -dof 3 vel


See OpenSees command manual (McKenna and Fenves 2001) for nodal displacement, velocity, or acceleration recorders.


The valid queries to a bbarBrickUP element when creating an ElementRecorder are 'force', 'stiffness', or 'material matNum matArg1 matArg2 ...', where matNum represents the material object at the corresponding integration point.


element bbarBrickUP $eleTag $Node1 $Node2 $Node3 $Node4 $Node5 $Node6 $Node7 $Node8 $matTag $bulk $fmass $PermX $PermY $PermZ <$bX=0 $bY=0 $bZ=0>



$eleTag A positive integer uniquely identifying the element among all elements
$Node1,… $Node8 Eight element node (previously defined) numbers (see figure above for order of numbering).
$matTag Tag of an NDMaterial object (previously defined) of which the element is composed
$bulk Combined undrained bulk modulus Bc relating changes in pore pressure and volumetric strain, may be approximated by:

Bc ≈ Bf/n

where Bf is the bulk modulus of fluid phase (2.2x106 kPa (or 3.191x105 psi) for water), and n the initial porosity.

$fmass Fluid mass density
$permX, $permY, $permZ Permeability coefficients in x, y, and z directions respectively.
$bX, $bY, $bZ Optional gravity acceleration components in x, y, and z directions directions respectively (defaults are 0.0)

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