Maxwell Material

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This command is used to construct a Maxwell material (linear spring and nonlinear dashpot in series). The Maxwell material simulates the hysteretic response of viscous dampers.

uniaxialMaterial Maxwell $matTag $K $C $a $L

$matTag integer tag identifying material
$K Elastic stiffness of linear spring (to model elastic stiffness of viscous damper)
$C Viscous parameter of damper
$a Viscous damper exponent
$L Viscous damper length

Examples:

[1] Input parameters:
Assume a viscous damper with axial stiffness K=150.0kN/mm, viscous parameter C = 100.0kN/(mm/s)^a, an exponent a=0.3 and length equal to 5000mm. The input parameters for the material should be as follows: # matTag K C a L uniaxialMaterial Maxwell 1 150.0 100.0 0.30 5000.0 [2] Tcl input file for Viscous Damper Calibration
[3] OpenSees Example of 1-story steel moment frame with a viscous damper

References:

[1] Olsson, A.K., and Austrell, P-E., (2001), "A fitting procedure for viscoelastic-elastoplastic material models," Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Constitutive Models for Rubber, Germany, 2001.
[2] Ottosen, N.S., and Ristinmaa, M., (1999). "The mechanics of constitutive modelling, (Numerical and thermodynamical topics)," Lund University,Division of Solid Mechanics, Sweden, 1999.

Code Developed by : by Dr. Dimitrios G. Lignos (McGill University)