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| == Element MVLEM ==
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| {{CommandManualMenu}}
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| Implemented by:
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| <span style="color:blue"> Kristijan Kolozvari<span style="color:black">, California State University Fullerton
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| <span style="color:blue"> Kutay Orakcal<span style="color:black">, Bogazici University, Istanbul
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| <span style="color:blue"> John Wallace<span style="color:black">, Univeristy of California, Los Angeles
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| The '''MVLEM''' element command is used to generate a two-dimensional Multiple-Vertical-Line-Element-Model (MVLEM; Vulcano et al., 1988; Orakcal et al., 2004) for simulation of flexure-dominated RC wall behavior. A single model element incorporates six global degrees of freedom, three of each located at the center of rigid top and bottom beams, as illustrated in Figure 2a. The axial/flexural response of the MVLEM is simulated by a series of uniaxial elements (or macro-fibers) connected to the rigid beams at the top and bottom (e.g., floor) levels, whereas the shear response is described by a shear spring located at height ch from the bottom of the wall element. Shear and flexural responses of the model element are uncoupled. The relative rotation between top and bottom faces of the wall element occurs about the point located on the central axis of the element at height ch (Figure 2b). Rotations and resulting transverse displacements are calculated based on the wall curvature, derived from section and material properties, corresponding to the bending moment at height ch of each element (Figure 2b). A value of c=0.4 was recommended by Vulcano et al. (1988) based on comparison of the model response with experimental results.
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| '''Source:''' /usr/local/cvs/OpenSees/SRC/element/MVLEM/
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| [[File:MVLEM.JPG|700px|thumb|center|Figure 1. a) MVLEM Element, b) MVLEM Rotations and Displacements]]
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| ----
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| '''Input Format:'''
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| {|
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| | style="background:yellow; color:black; width:800px" | '''Element MVLEM $eleTag $Dens $iNode $jNode $m $c -thick <Thicknesses> -width <Widths> -rho <Reinforcing_ratios> -matConcrete <Concrete_tags> -matSteel <Steel_tags> -matShear <Shear_tag>'''
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| |}
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| {|
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| | style="width:150px" | '''$eleTag''' || Unique element object tag
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| |'''$Dens''' || Wall density
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| |'''$iNode $jNode''' || End node tags
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| | '''$m''' || Number of element macro-fibers
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| |-
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| | '''$c''' || Location of center of rotation with from the iNode, ''c'' = 0.4 (recommended)
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| | '''<Thicknesses>''' || Array of ''m'' macro-fiber thicknesses
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| | '''<Widths>''' || Array of ''m'' macro-fiber widths
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| | '''<Reinforcing_ratios>''' || Array of ''m'' reinforcing ratios corresponding to macro-fibers; for each fiber: rho,i = As,i/Agross,i (1 < i < m)
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| | '''<Concrete _tags>''' || Array of ''m'' ''uniaxialMaterial'' tags for concrete
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| |-
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| | '''<Steel_tags>''' || Array of ''m'' ''uniaxialMaterial'' tags for steel
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| | '''<Shear_tag>''' || Tag of ''uniaxialMaterial'' for shear material
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| |}
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| ----
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| '''Element Recorders:'''
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| The following output is available from the '''MVLEM''' element:
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| {|
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| | style="width:150px" | '''globalForce''' || Element global forces
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| |-
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| |'''Curvature''' || Element curvature
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| |'''Shear_Force_Deformation''' || Element shear force-deformation relationship
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| | '''Fiber_Strain''' || Vertical strain in ''m'' fibers along the cross-section
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| | '''Fiber_Stress_Concrete''' || Vertical concrete stress in ''m'' fibers along the cross-section
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| | '''Fiber_Stress_Steel''' || Vertical steel stress in ''m'' fibers along the cross-section
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| |}
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| ----
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| '''Examples:'''
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| Element MVLEM 1 0.0 1 2 8 0.4 -thick 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 -width 7.5 1.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 1.5 7.5 -rho 0.0293 0.0 0.0033 0.0033
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| 0.0033 0.0033 0.0 0.0293 -matConcrete 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 -matSteel 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 -matShear 5
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| Recorder Element -file MVLEM_Fgl.out -time -ele 1 globalForce
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| Recorder Element -file MVLEM_FiberStrain.out -time -ele 1 Fiber_Strain
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