How to consider residual deformation

[wcq19811982]

The residual deformation may occur after shaking table tests.
In order to match the experimental tests well,
how to consider the residual deformation in the OpenSees?

[vesna]

You need to chose materials for your elements such that they are capable of capturing residual displacements. You will have to test different materials to figure out which ones are suitable for your case.

[tazarv]

These are the studies that worked on Residual Displacements with OpenSEES and could match the simulated displacement history with the test data.

[1] Jeong, HIL., Sakai, J., Mahin, SA. (2008). Shaking Table Tests and Numerical Investigation of Self-Centering Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns. PEER-2008/06, Pacific Earthq. Engrg. Res. Center, Univ. of California at Berkeley, California.

[2] Lee, W. K. (2007). Simulation and Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering Assessment of Self-Centering, Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridge Systems. Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford Univ., Stanford, Calif.

[3] Saiidi, M., and Seyed S. Ardakani. (2011). An Analytical Study of Residual Displacements in RC Bridge Columns Subjected to Near-Fault Earthquakes. Journal of Bridge Structures, NY, Vol. xx, No. xx, zzz.